The United States of America is the successful republic, which emerged in the monarchical world of the eighteenth century. The Founding Fathers perceived the Old World as a threat to the young American country, which consisted of a dozen independent states. Thus, the founders decided to unite the states in a new political formation of the republic for countering the threats and challenges of the Old World and its colonies. At the same time, the Founding Fathers wanted neither dictators nor any new monarchs at the head of the Union. Furthermore, the Article of Confederation of 1778 became out-of-date and could not serve as the major law in the new America. In addition, the central power was weak, and each state had its own laws and could cancel any central legislative act. Congress consisted of one house, where each state had an equal number of representatives irrespective of the population. Moreover, Congress depended on states because each state gave money or soldiers for support of the country.
Only a new constitution could solve the vital problems and unite all states into a sole democratic republic in order to protect the individual rights of each American citizen. The Constitution of the United States became a unique democratic law, which declared the emergence of a new American nation and the establishment of a strong democratic republic. It divided the power into three branches, declared the two-chamber parliament, and established federal and states powers. The aim of the paper is to consider how the Constitution managed to regulate many problems, protect the individual rights of citizens, and strengthen the central power of the democratic republic.
The Philadelphia Convention of 1787 is the most significant historical event of the United States of America because it defined the further development of the young American republic bypassing the Constitution. The new Constitution became the major national document and law of the United States, which determined the new country as a federative republic. The manuscript defined the three branches of power, the roles of the president, described the parliament and judiciary, divided federal and states powers, and proclaimed equal rights for all American citizens, guaranteeing the protection of their individual rights and freedoms. The Framers had different points of view on slavery, the rights of states, and the Federal Government. Some of them debated for a two-house parliament and considered the representation of states in it. Some considered the taxation in the republic to be an important concern for the Constitution. As a matter of fact, the Philadelphia Convention triggered the emergence of political parties in the new republic to govern the new American nation and its citizens, which was proclaimed in the Constitution in the first sentence of its Preamble. Thus, the delegates of the Convention divided into two opposing groups according to their political viewpoints on the republic: Virginia and the New Jersey Plans. There were many debates in the Convention concerning the Constitution, and the delegates passed it in the result of the Great Compromise for the sake of the existence of the United States and its nation.
American democracy consists of the protected by law individual freedoms and rights of each American on the one hand, and the representation of interests of all citizens in the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches of power on the other hand. At the same time, each American should pay taxes to support the country, because it was fixed in the Constitution as the major obligation of the nation. Thus, each American is equal before the law irrespective of the ethnic origin, race, religion, beliefs, political viewpoint, business activity, or social position. The National American ideology is based on Christian virtues, the American exceptionalism, individualism, and private property. It ensures striving for the wealthy and happy life of each person. Therefore, slavery became an illegal phenomenon in the United States, and Thomas Jefferson stated the necessity to abolish the shameful practice in the new free republic. At the same time, the repre